1.0 Executive Summary执行摘要
 

随着经济的发展，设定目标已经变得越来越重要，许多企业成为关注的目标设定。适当的目标设定可以促进各种组织计划的制定。目标设置是关系到实现在一个组织中的各种计划，如战略规划和经营计划。这份报告是目标设定在一个组织实现计划中的作用进行分析的基础上，目标设定的战略规划和经营计划中的作用。

The aim of the report is to explore the role of goal-setting in strategic planning and operation planning. Goal-setting is a kind of science which is about the management of people’s behavior and psychology. With the development of the economy, goal-setting has become more and more important and many organizations become concerned about the goal-setting. The appropriate goal-setting can promote the development of various organizational plans. Goal-setting is related to the achievement of various plans in an organization, such as strategic planning and operation planning. This report is an analysis of the role of goal-setting in the achievement of plans in an organization, based on the role of goal-setting in strategic planning and operation planning. 

 

2.0 Introduction介绍
 

目标设定是一个行动计划的制定，目的是为了引导或激励一个团体或一个人达到一个目标。计划可以被定义为一个蓝图，它主要用于指定资源的分配、时间表和其他行动，以实现目标。一般而言，对于一个计划来说，目标设定无疑是一个不可或缺的因素，它可以指导成员的追求。为了充分理解目标设定的作用，在不同类型的规划，战略规划和战略规划的目标设置，将讨论和比较详细。在报告中，首先，它将重点放在目标制定、战略规划和经营规划的相关定义上。其次，在战略规划和业务规划的目标设置的作用将详细讨论。第三，将重点放在组织的方法，以适应规划，以解决未来的不确定性问题，以及规划的意义，在这样的条件下。最后，对整个报告给出的结论。

Goal-setting is involved with the planning development of an action which is designed to guide or motivate a group or a person to achieve a goal. Plan can be defined as a blueprint which is mainly used to specify the allocations, schedules and other actions of the resource to achieve goals. Generally speaking, for a plan, it is no doubt that goal-setting can be considered as an indispensable factor, which can guide the direction for members to pursue. In order to fully understand the role of goal-setting, the goal-setting in two different types of planning, strategic planning and strategic planning, will be discussed and compared in detail. In the report, firstly, it will focus on the related definition of goal-setting, strategic planning and operation planning. Secondly, the role of goal-setting in the strategic planning and operational planning will be discussed in detail. Thirdly, it will focus on the method for organizations to adapt for planning to resolve the problem of uncertainty on the future, as well as the meaning of planning under such conditions. At last, the conclusion about the whole report will be given.

 

3.0 Definition of Goal-setting, Strategic Plan and Operational Plan目标设定，战略规划和运营计划定义
 

For the organizational goal, it mainly refers to a desired future state of an organization to realize. Goal can explain “why” of the existence of an organization, and a plan can point out the “how”. 

Project management can be considered as a process and related activities of organizing, planning, controlling and motivating resources, protocols and procedures, in order to complete special goals in daily or scientific problems (Bonnal, 2012). The key factors to promise the success of project management include project mission, which means a clear common goal for the group, top management assistance, which refers to various resources distribution, power and authority for implementation, plan and schedule, which ensures the implementation processes to be based on the original goal, client consultation, which indicates the consultation of and communication with all stakeholders, personnel, which contains competent personnel’s recruitment, selection and training, technical tasks, as well as client acceptance, monitoring and feedback, communication and trouble shooting (Enrique, Tim & Mike, 2005).

 

3.1 Goal-setting in organizational strategic plan

Generally speaking, when people are committed to completing a common goal, they usually have better performance. Considering on the implementation gap, organization politics and resource conflicts and multitasking, it is necessary to link the project management with organization strategy. The Concrete relationship of project management and organization strategy can be seen in figure 2. To some extent, the achievement of organization strategy should be based on the implement of related projects. Project management is the basis for the success of projects. Furthermore, organization strategy is the basis of resource distribution, project choice and determination in the project progressing. Therefore, in order to complete the organization strategy, it is necessary to consider on the implementation gap, project priority and project selection. For implementation gap, it suggests that missing links would be existed in the process between planning a program and working for it. Project selection can be considered as the most important aspect in project portfolio management (Enrique, Tim & Mike, 2005). Generally speaking, a project priority is very important for an organization which has a clear strategy in place that contains the criteria of project selection.